INTELLIGENT LOAD MONITORING AND SWITCHING STRATEGIES FOR POWER LOSS MINIMIZATION IN LOW-VOLTAGE DC CIRCUITS

Abstract

Power loss in low-voltage DC (LVDC) circuits is a major challenge in modern electrical systems, especially where multiple loads operate continuously under varying demand conditions. This paper investigates the effectiveness of smart load monitoring and switching design in minimizing power loss, improving circuit efficiency, and maintaining stable voltage delivery. The proposed system uses real-time current and voltage monitoring to identify inefficient load behavior and applies automatic switching control to disconnect or regulate unnecessary loads. The results show that smart monitoring significantly reduces resistive losses, improves load balancing, and enhances overall energy efficiency compared with conventional fixed-switching LVDC circuits. The findings indicate that intelligent load control can reduce power loss, limit voltage drop, and improve thermal performance in low-voltage applications. This study demonstrates that smart switching design provides a practical and cost-effective approach for improving the reliability and efficiency of LVDC distribution systems used in homes, laboratories, renewable energy setups, and small industrial circuits.